English (official); major vernaculars: Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga; about 70 other indigenous languages
English (official), Shona, Ndebele (Sindebele), numerous minor tribal dialects
Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli, Azeri, Kabardian
Turkmen 72%; Russian 12%; Uzbek 9%, other 7%
Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)
English (official), Ganda or Luganda, other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
Ukrainian 67%, Russian 24%, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian
Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic
English 82%, Spanish 11% (2000)
Chinese (Mandarin, official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects
Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero
Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business
Bislama 23% (a Melanesian pidgin English), English 2%, French 1% (all 3 official); more than 100 local languages 73%
Swahili, English (both official); Arabic; many local languages
Italian, Latin, French, various other languages
Thai (Siamese), English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects
Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects
French (official, commerce); Ewé, Mina (south); Kabyé, Dagomba (north); and many dialects
Vietnamese (official); English (increasingly favored as a second language); some French, Chinese, Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
Tongan (an Austronesian language), English
Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
Arabic
Arabic (official, commerce), French (commerce)
Castilian Spanish 74% (official nationwide); Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2% (each official regionally)
Sinhala 74% (official and national), Tamil 18% (national), other 8%; English is commonly used in government and spoken competently by about 10%
Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English
Dutch (official), Surinamese (lingua franca), English widely spoken, Hindustani, Javanese
English, siSwati (both official)
Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
German 64%, French 20%, Italian 7% (all official); Romansch 0.5% (national)
Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood
English (official), Mende (southern vernacular), Temne (northern vernacular), Krio (lingua franca)
Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000)
Slovak 84% (official), Hungarian 11%, Roma 2%, Ukrainian 1% (2001)
Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 5% (2002)
English 1%–2% (official), Melanesian pidgin (lingua franca), 120 indigenous languages
Somali (official), Arabic, English, Italian
IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2%
English (official), Arabic (includes Juba and Sudanese variants) (official), regional languages include Dinka, Nuer, Bari, Zande, Shilluk
English, French patois
Samoan, English
Spanish, Guaraní (both official)
Italian
Spanish, Quéchua (both official); Aymara; many minor Amazonian languages
Portuguese (official)
Filipino (based on Tagalog), English (both official); eight major dialects: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense
