English (official); major vernaculars: Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga; about 70 other indigenous languages
English (official), Shona, Ndebele (Sindebele), numerous minor tribal dialects
Thai (Siamese), English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects
Italian, Latin, French, various other languages
Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)
Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business
Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli, Azeri, Kabardian
English 82%, Spanish 11% (2000)
English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
French (official, commerce); Ewé, Mina (south); Kabyé, Dagomba (north); and many dialects
Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects
English (official), Ganda or Luganda, other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
Swahili, English (both official); Arabic; many local languages
Bislama 23% (a Melanesian pidgin English), English 2%, French 1% (all 3 official); more than 100 local languages 73%
Turkmen 72%; Russian 12%; Uzbek 9%, other 7%
Chinese (Mandarin, official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects
Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero
Arabic (official, commerce), French (commerce)
Arabic
English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic
Tongan (an Austronesian language), English
Vietnamese (official); English (increasingly favored as a second language); some French, Chinese, Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
Ukrainian 67%, Russian 24%, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian
Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 5% (2002)
Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English
Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000)
Castilian Spanish 74% (official nationwide); Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2% (each official regionally)
Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood
IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2%
Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
English 1%–2% (official), Melanesian pidgin (lingua franca), 120 indigenous languages
Dutch (official), Surinamese (lingua franca), English widely spoken, Hindustani, Javanese
Slovak 84% (official), Hungarian 11%, Roma 2%, Ukrainian 1% (2001)
Sinhala 74% (official and national), Tamil 18% (national), other 8%; English is commonly used in government and spoken competently by about 10%
English (official), Mende (southern vernacular), Temne (northern vernacular), Krio (lingua franca)
English (official), Arabic (includes Juba and Sudanese variants) (official), regional languages include Dinka, Nuer, Bari, Zande, Shilluk
German 64%, French 20%, Italian 7% (all official); Romansch 0.5% (national)
Somali (official), Arabic, English, Italian
English, siSwati (both official)
Romanian (official), Hungarian, German
Italian
Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)
English, French patois
Filipino (based on Tagalog), English (both official); eight major dialects: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense
Seselwa Creole 92%, English 5%, French (all official) (2002)
English
Spanish, Guaraní (both official)
